USAGE OF GIS IN ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS FOR ROAD DESIGN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2025-1-129-135Keywords:
Geographic Information Systems, highway engineering, engineering surveys, alignment optimization, LiDAR, BIM, multi-criteria analysisAbstract
The article examines modern approaches to the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in engineering and
geological surveys for highway design. The research addresses the key tasks of the pre-design stage: collection and
structuring of topographic and geodetic data, analysis of relief, geological structure, hydrology, and environmental constraints.
It is shown that traditional methods, including tacheometry, leveling, and drilling, while ensuring high accuracy, have significant
limitations such as long fieldwork duration, high costs, and poor integration with digital models.
International experience in applying advanced technologies is analyzed, including the use of GNSS, UAV, LiDAR, remote
sensing (RS), and the GSI3D methodology for building three-dimensional geological models. GIS is identified as the central
tool for integrating heterogeneous datasets into a unified spatial-attribute database. Examples of multi-criteria alignment
optimization are reviewed, particularly the integration of GIS with genetic algorithms (Jha et al., 2004) and BIM–GIS
approaches (Zhao et al., 2019). Special attention is paid to GIS-based assessment of geometric design in mountainous terrain
(Zhang et al., 2021).
The Ukrainian context is represented by the development of the State Road GIS (GISDA), research by the Road Research
Institute (NIDI), as well as works by Fomenko (2019) and Ratushniak (2009), which emphasize the challenges of data
standardization and integration of engineering surveys into digital environments. The main advantages of GIS implementation
are identified: reduction of data collection time, higher accuracy of measurements, cost savings due to fewer redesigns,
scenario-based analysis, and stakeholder involvement via web-GIS platforms.
Therefore, GIS is considered as an innovative tool for optimizing engineering and geological surveys, providing a new
methodological framework for highway design in Ukraine and aligning national practices with international standards.
References
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g_to_What_Extent_Will_it_be_Effective
Mallela J., et al. Effective Use of Geospatial Tools in Highway Construction. Federal Highway Administration.
Washington, DC, 2018. URL: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/50531
Kessler H., Mathers S., Sobisch H. GSI3D – the software and methodology for 3D geological surveying. British
Geological Survey, 2009. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSI3D
Jha M., McCall C., Schonfeld P. A highway alignment optimization model using geographic information system
and genetic algorithm. Transportation Research Part C. 2004. Vol. 12, No. 5. P. 263–280. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2004.03.002
Zhao J., et al. Highway Alignment Optimization: An Integrated BIM and GIS Approach. Bond University Research
Portal. 2019. URL:
Approach.pdf
Zhang Y., et al. Formulating a GIS-based geometric design quality assessment model for mountain highways.
Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021. Vol. 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.105986
Dhakal S., et al. Application of remote sensing and GIS in road engineering: A review. Journal of Mining and
Environment. 2023. Vol. 14(1). P. 1–14. URL: https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2709.html
France-Mensah J., et al. GIS-based visualization of integrated highway maintenance and construction planning:
Fort Worth, Texas. Visualization in Engineering. 2017. Vol. 5(1). URL:
https://viejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40327-017-0046-1
REFERENCE
Nadzir Z. A., Irfansyah M. Using Geodetic Methods in Road Construction Planning: To What Extent Will it be
Effective? // ResearchGate. 2024. URL:
g_to_What_Extent_Will_it_be_Effective
Mallela J., et al. Effective Use of Geospatial Tools in Highway Construction. Federal Highway Administration.
Washington, DC, 2018. URL: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/50531
Kessler H., Mathers S., Sobisch H. GSI3D – the software and methodology for 3D geological surveying. British
Geological Survey, 2009. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSI3D
Jha M., McCall C., Schonfeld P. A highway alignment optimization model using geographic information system
and genetic algorithm. Transportation Research Part C. 2004. Vol. 12, No. 5. P. 263–280. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2004.03.002
Zhao J., et al. Highway Alignment Optimization: An Integrated BIM and GIS Approach. Bond University Research
Portal. 2019. URL:
Approach.pdf
Zhang Y., et al. Formulating a GIS-based geometric design quality assessment model for mountain highways.
Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021. Vol. 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.105986
Dhakal S., et al. Application of remote sensing and GIS in road engineering: A review. Journal of Mining and
Environment. 2023. Vol. 14(1). P. 1–14. URL: https://jme.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2709.html
France-Mensah J., et al. GIS-based visualization of integrated highway maintenance and construction planning:
Fort Worth, Texas. Visualization in Engineering. 2017. Vol. 5(1). URL:
https://viejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40327-017-0046-1
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