SELECTION OF AIR-SOURCED HEAT PUMPS FOR AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2025-1-176-184Keywords:
heat pump, electric boiler, heat supply, fan coil, bivalent mode, rnewable energy sources, autonomous system, coolant, heat transformation coefficient, energy efficiencyAbstract
The article calculates technical and economic indicators taking into account the projected capital investments and
operating costs for the installation of air-to-water heat pumps. Such a heat supply system is more economically advantageous
compared to the use of diesel-fired boilers. The specific costs for the production of a unit of thermal energy are analyzed and
it is confirmed that the use of heat pumps allows you to significantly reduce the total costs of heat supply, especially in the
long term.
Special attention is paid to the analysis of the bivalent mode of operation of heat pumps, in which the main heat load is
covered by the heat pump, and the backup electric or diesel boiler is turned on only during peak periods of low outdoor
temperatures. This approach allows you to reduce the installed power of the heat pump, avoid exceeding the electrical loads
in the network and reduce investment costs for the system. The bivalent system combines the advantages of energy efficiency
of heat pumps with the reliability of a backup heat source.
The simulation results showed that the capital costs for implementing a heat pump system are higher compared to a diesel
installation, but this disadvantage is compensated by lower annual costs for electricity, maintenance and replacement of
consumables. The estimated payback period of a heat pump system in basic or bivalent mode is 6-7 years, after which there
is a net saving for the owner. In the case of a diesel system, the costs remain consistently high, and dependence on fluctuations
in fuel prices is a critical risk factor.
Economic and environmental factors influencing the choice of a heat supply system have been identified, which makes it
possible to recommend the implementation of air-to-water heat pumps for the reconstruction of heat supply systems of
autonomous facilities, especially in conditions of lack of connection to centralized gas supply. Such a system meets modern
requirements for energy efficiency, sustainable development and minimizing environmental impact.
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