HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: PATTERNS OF FUNCTIONING AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Abstract

The problem of preserving historical and cultural elements in the modern urban environment is revealed in view of their role in shaping the identity, cultural memory and sustainable development of cities. The issue of functional activity as the basis for the emergence of the city is considered. The article reveals the issues of regularities of functioning of historical and cultural elements in the modern urban environment, taking into account their spatial transformation under the influence of urban processes. The main trends are considered: the multifunctionalisation of urban space and the increase in the diversity of types of monofunctional cities.

The stability of the main functions of such elements - cultural, social, symbolic and spatial-compositional - in the context of changes in the urban landscape, their main characteristics and functional significance are considered. The key factors influencing the preservation of the functionality of historical and cultural objects are highlighted, including the typology of the urban environment, the level of public participation, and institutional mechanisms for the protection and use of cultural heritage. The article considers the issues of archaeological territories, their inclusion in the List of Historical Settlements of Ukraine and prohibitions on urban planning, architectural or landscape transformations, construction, reclamation, road and earthworks without the permission of the relevant cultural heritage protection authority.

It is shown that the effective functioning of historical and cultural sites is possible only with an integrated approach that combines legal, spatial, social and technological tools. The article highlights the peculiarities of spatial transformation, in particular, the shift of functional axes, changes in the architectural context and the role of interactive mapping technologies in visualising changes, which increase the depth of spatial analysis and allow for effective identification of trends, anomalies and vulnerable areas. The importance of integrating digital tools into the decision-making process regarding cultural heritage in the context of dynamic urban development is emphasised.