Modern technology, materials and design in construction

TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING ROAD SLOPES

Lіlіya Kucherenko — 2025-09-15

The article examines the problems associated with the features of strengthening the slopes of highways. An analysis of the
factors affecting the process of destruction of the slopes of the subgrade is performed. The classification of types of slope
strengthening is studied. This will allow making optimal decisions regarding the application of technological solutions. The basic
principles that must be followed when choosing specific technological solutions for strengthening the slopes of the roadbed have
been formed.
Special attention is paid to modern technological solutions and materials used in this area, including biotechnical methods,
geosynthetic materials, the use of concrete, stone, as well as the strengthening of piles and anchors. The advantages and areas
of application, as well as technological solutions for slope reinforcement processes, are considered. The issue of slope
reinforcement is of particular relevance, since it is necessary to prevent their destruction under the influence of natural and
anthropogenic factors, such as: erosion, precipitation, changes in groundwater levels and vibrations from transport traffic. The
inclined parts of road structures are one of the most vulnerable elements. The article is devoted to the use of modern materials
for strengthening slopes in order to ensure reliable functioning of roads or their individual parts in different construction conditions
and under different influences.
When implementing the selected technological solutions in practice, it is necessary to use the recommendations of regulatory
literature on the design, construction and operation of highways.

ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL APPROACHES TO THE PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES OF SETTLEMENTS

S. Ryndiuk — 2025-09-15

The article deals with topical issues of engineering preparation of territories in the context of modern urban development.
Engineering training is one of the key steps in the formation of a safe, stable and functionally suitable urban environment. The
increase in the density of development, the active development of new territories, including areas with adverse engineering
and geological conditions, require a systematic approach to the projection and implementation of a complex of engineering
measures.
The work analyzes the main directions of engineering preparation, such as vertical planning, the organization of surface
sewerage, the reduction of groundwater level, drainage and reclamation of wetlands and flooded lands, including peatlands,
strengthening of the shores of aqueous objects, as well as anti -core and anti -sedentary measures. Particular attention is paid
to the comprehensive approach to the protection of territories from hazardous natural and man -made processes, which
involves taking into account local conditions, type of soil, relief, climatic characteristics, availability of water bodies and
infrastructure.
Examples of implementation of such systems are given in practice, in particular within the settlements located on slopes,
in river floodplains, in areas with high groundwater or in the area of active shifts. The role of engineering training in ensuring
the durability of construction, reducing the cost of operation and increasing the level of environmental safety. As a result of
the study, a conclusion was made on the need to include engineering protection as an integrated component in the process
of urban planning and design

INSOLATION IN CONSTRUCTION: IMPACT AND IMPORTANCE FOR A COMFORTABLE LIFE

V. Shvets — 2025-09-15

The article is devoted to the study of the role of insolation in the spheres of human life and construction. The article
discusses the issue of sunlight in buildings and its impact on the comfort of building occupants. Issues related to the lack or
inaccuracy of solar radiation in the urban environment are considered.
Various problems caused by suboptimal solar radiation, such as insufficient daylight and the impact on the
psychophysiological state of people, as well as the importance of insolation in the urban environment, are analyzed.

USAGE OF GIS IN ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS FOR ROAD DESIGN

A. Bondar — 2025-09-15

The article examines modern approaches to the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in engineering and
geological surveys for highway design. The research addresses the key tasks of the pre-design stage: collection and
structuring of topographic and geodetic data, analysis of relief, geological structure, hydrology, and environmental constraints.
It is shown that traditional methods, including tacheometry, leveling, and drilling, while ensuring high accuracy, have significant
limitations such as long fieldwork duration, high costs, and poor integration with digital models.
International experience in applying advanced technologies is analyzed, including the use of GNSS, UAV, LiDAR, remote
sensing (RS), and the GSI3D methodology for building three-dimensional geological models. GIS is identified as the central
tool for integrating heterogeneous datasets into a unified spatial-attribute database. Examples of multi-criteria alignment
optimization are reviewed, particularly the integration of GIS with genetic algorithms (Jha et al., 2004) and BIM–GIS
approaches (Zhao et al., 2019). Special attention is paid to GIS-based assessment of geometric design in mountainous terrain
(Zhang et al., 2021).
The Ukrainian context is represented by the development of the State Road GIS (GISDA), research by the Road Research
Institute (NIDI), as well as works by Fomenko (2019) and Ratushniak (2009), which emphasize the challenges of data
standardization and integration of engineering surveys into digital environments. The main advantages of GIS implementation
are identified: reduction of data collection time, higher accuracy of measurements, cost savings due to fewer redesigns,
scenario-based analysis, and stakeholder involvement via web-GIS platforms.
Therefore, GIS is considered as an innovative tool for optimizing engineering and geological surveys, providing a new
methodological framework for highway design in Ukraine and aligning national practices with international standards.

NATURE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING SOLUTIONS IN THE DESIGN OF REHABILITATION WARDS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL

N. Mashovets — 2025-09-15

Recent military conflicts affecting Ukraine and other global regions have highlighted the problem of medical and social
rehabilitation of servicemembers. A high incidence of wounds, polytrauma, amputations, and psycho-emotional disorders calls
for designing a new model of the therapeutic-rehabilitation environment. One of the key approaches is the implementation of
nature-oriented architectural, design, and planning solutions that combine the principles of biophilic architecture, sustainable
development, and evidence-based medicine.
Recent studies (WHO, 2023; Facility Guidelines Institute, 2024; International Health Facility Guidelines, 2024; Naturebased
rehabilitation studies, 2023–2025) show that natural light, visual and physical contact with green zones, access to
landscapes and water elements significantly increase recovery efficiency, reduce anxiety, stimulate physical activity, and
accelerate social reintegration.
The aim of this article is to substantiate architectural and planning principles for forming rehabilitation wards for military
personnel, taking into account international experience (USA, Israel, Germany, Scandinavia) and Ukrainian needs. The paper
analyses recent research, international standards, examines examples of completed facilities, and systematizes spatial
models. Main attention is paid to creating outdoor therapy routes, interior gardens and winter greenhouses, organizing
educational-domestic (ADL) spaces with natural lighting, using ecological materials and energy-efficient technologies.
The result is a synthesis of architectural and design solutions that integrate natural factors into the process of treatment
and recovery. This allows developing recommendations for the national building codes of Ukraine, as well as identifying
directions for further research in the field of “green rehabilitation.”

TASKS AND PROBLEMS OF SECONDARY BUILDING WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM URBAN DEMOLITION IN URBANISED AREAS

D. Shvydkyi — 2025-09-15

The article analyses the problems of managing secondary building waste from urban destruction in urbanised areas. The
scale of the destruction has led to the formation of zones, territories, and areas of total destruction. These areas have
destroyed infrastructure, no economic activity, and no population. The size of the zones exceeds the distance of intersettlement
district connections. Global and national waste management practices are mainly concerned with management
tasks in peacetime, in conditions of normal economic functioning. The author hypothesises that the consequences of war form
a new type of processing facilities - territorial formations. This problem is relevant for the urbanised areas of eastern Ukraine.
Secondary building waste from destruction in urbanised areas has morphological differences. The basic principles of recovery,
general approaches and requirements for models and programmes for the management of secondary building waste from
demolition in highly urbanised areas of continuous destruction have not yet been developed. It is proposed to introduce the
concept of ‘Secondary building waste of destruction (SCWD)’ as a term and category. The problem of reconstructing
settlements will require the development of programmes for the management of ERW in areas of continuous destruction in
the medium and long term. According to the authors, the transformation of destruction sites can reach 25% of the costs
compared to new construction. The clean-up of destroyed cities and territories can take 3-5 years, which is the timeframe for
implementing large-scale urban planning tasks. The factors and characteristic common features that provide successful
examples of solving and implementing the problems of recycling and waste management of the general waste generation
spectrum are identified. The factors that have a decisive influence on the policy of effective waste management are listed.
Methods and models for cleaning up destroyed areas pose a separate scientific and practical challenge and require additional
research

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS AND SAPROPEL OF THE SOUTHERN BUG RIVER

I. Vasylkivskyi — 2025-09-15

During the evolution of water bodies, bottom sediments are formed on the bottom of water bodies. Bottom sediments
consist of sedimentary materials that settle on the bottom of water bodies and may contain organic and inorganic components.
The composition of bottom sediments is unique for each water body, depends on the type of water body, sources of material,
hydrological regime, biological activity, and may change over time depending on changes in the environment.
Bottom sediments consist of organic matter, which can be in the form of sapropel, silt, peat and include the remains of
plants, animals, microorganisms, products of their vital activity, and inorganic components: sand, clay, silt, limestone, silica
and other minerals that are brought by the river flow, wind or washed out from the riverbed and banks.
Bottom sediments of the Southern Bug consist of sapropel and silt. Sapropel is a natural organic substance formed at the
bottom of water bodies as a result of the decomposition of dead aquatic plants, animal remains and mineral particles of the
soil in the absence of oxygen. It mainly consists of organic substances (79%), fulvic acids (11%), amino acids (2%), and also
contains trace elements such as iron, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, manganese, boron, molybdenum, selenium, zinc and
others. Sapropel has wide application in various industries. In agriculture it is used as a fertilizer to improve soil structure,
increase its moisture capacity and humus content. In medicine and cosmetology sapropel is used for mud therapy, in the form
of masks, wraps and mud baths. Also, sapropel can be used as a feed additive for animals.
Silt deposits are dense substances that accumulate after being separated from various types of water in which they are
contained by natural or artificial processes. The composition of sludge depends on its source and place of formation, but
usually includes clay particles, sand, organic matter and water. Activated sludge used in sewage treatment plants contains a
large number of microorganisms, in particular bacteria, which play a key role in the removal of biological contaminants. It can
consist of clay minerals: kaolinite, montmorillonite, which give the sludge plasticity, sand of different granulometry (different
particle sizes), plant and animal remains, microorganisms, mineral substances: carbonates, sulfates, metal oxides and water,
which fills the spaces between solid particles. The color is usually gray, brown or black, depending on the organic content.
The consistency ranges from liquid to solid, depending on the water and organic matter content. The odor can be unpleasant
due to the presence of decomposition processes of organic matter.
Innovative approaches to the use of bottom sediments and sapropel of the Southern Bug are proposed.

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE VINNYTSIA ASPHALT CONCRETE PLANT

I. Vasylkivskyi — 2025-09-15

The paper examines the current state of environmental safety of the limited liability company "ABZ-INVEST", which
specializes in asphalt concrete production. The main environmental impacts of the enterprise are analyzed, including
emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the air, discharges of wastewater containing suspended solids and
petroleum products, generation of production waste, and physical influence in the form of noise. It was determined that air
emissions from heating and drying of mineral materials constitute the most significant share of environmental impact.
Wastewater discharges without proper treatment may contaminate surface and groundwater, while waste streams include
both inert fractions (construction residues, screenings) and hazardous ones (used oils, bitumen residues). Noise pollution was
identified as an additional factor exceeding permissible sanitary levels during peak operation.
Proposed environmental protection measures involve modernization of gas-cleaning systems, implementation of closed
water supply cycles, segregation and recycling of waste, as well as installation of noise barriers and optimization of equipment
operation. Their implementation will enhance environmental safety, reduce emissions and discharges to regulatory levels, and
ensure sustainable enterprise development with minimal negative impact on the environment.

SELECTION OF AIR-SOURCED HEAT PUMPS FOR AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS

N. Slobodian — 2025-09-15

The article calculates technical and economic indicators taking into account the projected capital investments and
operating costs for the installation of air-to-water heat pumps. Such a heat supply system is more economically advantageous
compared to the use of diesel-fired boilers. The specific costs for the production of a unit of thermal energy are analyzed and
it is confirmed that the use of heat pumps allows you to significantly reduce the total costs of heat supply, especially in the
long term.
Special attention is paid to the analysis of the bivalent mode of operation of heat pumps, in which the main heat load is
covered by the heat pump, and the backup electric or diesel boiler is turned on only during peak periods of low outdoor
temperatures. This approach allows you to reduce the installed power of the heat pump, avoid exceeding the electrical loads
in the network and reduce investment costs for the system. The bivalent system combines the advantages of energy efficiency
of heat pumps with the reliability of a backup heat source.
The simulation results showed that the capital costs for implementing a heat pump system are higher compared to a diesel
installation, but this disadvantage is compensated by lower annual costs for electricity, maintenance and replacement of
consumables. The estimated payback period of a heat pump system in basic or bivalent mode is 6-7 years, after which there
is a net saving for the owner. In the case of a diesel system, the costs remain consistently high, and dependence on fluctuations
in fuel prices is a critical risk factor.
Economic and environmental factors influencing the choice of a heat supply system have been identified, which makes it
possible to recommend the implementation of air-to-water heat pumps for the reconstruction of heat supply systems of
autonomous facilities, especially in conditions of lack of connection to centralized gas supply. Such a system meets modern
requirements for energy efficiency, sustainable development and minimizing environmental impact.

PROGNOSIS OF THE LOAD -BEARING CAPACITY OF DRILLING PILES BY NUMERICAL METHOD OF BOUNDARY ELEMENTS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF THEIR STRESS STATE

Alla Morgun — 2025-09-16

Construction is one of the leading sectors of the national economy in the historical aspect of its development. Prevention of destruction of structures is a very important task of construction, so a quantitative measure of strength of the foundation of the structure is required. The tasks of improving engineering solutions require designers in search of unused reserves for improving the efficiency of construction, introducing the achievements of science in design practice. One of the main areas is the further involvement of mathematical methods and computers in design practice.

Successful construction of buildings requires constant development of the basics of mechanics and geomechanics. The current trend of increasing the number of floors of buildings to 9-12 floors leads to a significant increase in the load on the foundations. For such structures, piles have to be driven in 2-3 rows, the grillage becomes wide, and the cost of reinforcement for it is significant, so the overall effect of using driven piles is reduced.

The solution to the problem of reducing the cost and reducing the time of completion of zero-cycle works is most facilitated by the use of bored piles. This is also facilitated by the transition to building with increased number of floors. Bored piles are characterized by high bearing capacity and their arrangement does not have a dynamic effect on the structures of neighboring buildings and structures. The latter circumstance is important when building within urban areas. The use of bored pile technology also allows the use of deepening to a specific pile mark.

The aim of the work is to conduct numerical simulation of the resistance of a bored pile under conditions of nonlinear deformation of the soil base on a computer.

The growing capabilities of modern computers require constant revision of existing numerical methods for the study of new classes of problems for which there is hope for a solution. One of such topical problems is the nonlinear problem of geomechanics of the behavior of bored piles under load.

GEOTECHNICAL ISSUES OF INVESTIGATION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE STRUCTURE ON WEAK SOILS ACCORDING TO BEM

Alla Morgun — 2025-09-15

The article considers geotechnical aspects of assessing the technical condition of structures erected on weak loess soils prone
to degradation and wetting. A special focus is given to the controversial issue of applying an increasing factor to the soil
deformation modulus obtained from compression tests. To evaluate the reliability of two approaches, calculations of silo
foundations settlements were carried out using the numerical boundary element method (BEM) and an elastic-plastic soil model.
Two calculation options were analyzed: with and without the increasing factor.
The results of numerical simulations were compared with the finite element method (FEM) and with experimental data. The
comparison revealed that applying the increasing factor does not always ensure adequate settlement prediction, and in some
cases leads to underestimation of deformations. The research highlights the importance of developing more accurate numerical
methods for soil–structure interaction analysis, rather than relying solely on empirical coefficients.
The practical significance of the study is in improving the methodology for predicting the performance of loessial saturated
soils foundations, which is essential for ensuring the reliability and durability of grain storage silos and similar facilities. The results
may be applied to enhance design standards, improve calculation methods, and support the use of modern numerical tools in
geotechnical engineering.

FORMATION OF THE SOCIAL HOUSING FUND AS A WAY TO FACILITATE POPULATION ACCESS TO HOUSING AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ECONOMY

V. Serdyuk — 2025-09-15

The paper presents the results of a study on the state of housing construction in Ukraine and provides comparative
indicators of housing provision for the population in European countries. The consequences of the Russian war are outlined,
which led to the destruction of almost 13% of the housing stock, the forced departure of about 7 million people abroad, and
the need for large-scale internal displacement of the population from the eastern regions to the central and western regions
of the country.
The analysis highlights the problems of housing provision for internally displaced persons due to the practical absence of
a social housing fund in Ukraine and identifies the reasons for this absence. The European experience of housing provision
is studied, showing the mechanisms of forming a social housing fund that is provided by local municipalities to citizens who,
due to economic hardship and low income, require state support.
The combination of financial resources of local self-government bodies and private business, with the participation and
under the control of civil society organizations, will make civil society not only a consumer but also an active participant in the
effective development of urban housing stock. In Ukraine, a draft law “On the Social Housing Fund” should be developed, the
implementation of which will create conditions for access to housing for those in need. The European Investment Bank
provides assistance and loans, combined with EU grants and guarantees, for the development and implementation of a
financially sustainable model of social and affordable housing in Ukraine, following the example of EU countries.

INFLUENCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DRY BUILDING MIXTURES

Alexander V. Bondar — 2025-09-15

The article presents the results of a study on the influence of lightweight aggregates and industrial waste on the physical
and mechanical properties of dry building mixtures (DBMs). The research problem is determined by the need to introduce
environmentally safe and resource-efficient technologies in modern construction, which requires replacing part of the
traditional mineral components with secondary resources. Perlite, vermiculite, and expanded clay sand were used as
lightweight aggregates, while fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, cement kiln dust, and stone-cutting waste were applied
as industrial by-products. The water-to-binder ratio, bulk density, and compressive strength at 28 days were determined.
Regression modeling was employed to establish quantitative relationships between mixture composition and properties. It
was found that the introduction of perlite or vermiculite in the amount of 10-15% reduces the density by 18-25%, providing
thermal insulation properties while maintaining compressive strength at the level of 10-13 MPa.
The addition of fly ash in the amount of 20-25% ensures an optimal water-to-binder ratio and improves crack resistance.
The combined use of fly ash with stone-cutting waste (5-10%) enhances structure formation and maintains strength at 12-
13 MPa. Special attention was given to recycled aggregates obtained from construction and demolition waste. The study
demonstrated that recycled concrete and reinforced concrete meet national standards and allow the production of C16/20
class concretes. Therefore, the combination of lightweight aggregates, industrial by-products, and recycled fractions
enables the production of universal DBMs with densities ranging from 1200 to 2300 kg/m³ for various applications – from
finishing and insulating to structural mixtures. The proposed approach contributes to reducing natural resource
consumption, lowering production costs, and addressing the problem of construction waste recycling.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF THERMAL INSULATION AND WALL MATERIALS IN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Ivan Zibrov — 2025-09-15

Modern energy-efficient materials and products should be distinguished by an expanded scope of their application during the
construction, repair or reconstruction of buildings and allow improving the consumer qualities of capital construction objects. An
example of a material whose structure and properties are effective in terms of thermal protection of structures is a heater based
on autoclaved aerated concrete.
The purpose of the work is to analyze modern thermal insulation and wall materials that have become widely used in
comparison with aerated concrete. The growth of aerated concrete production is determined by the increased demand for this
product, which, in turn, is caused by high physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. In conditions of martial law, energy
crisis and the need to restore the country, build and restore destroyed low-rise village buildings, aerated concrete becomes an
effective material.
The comparative characteristics of aerated concrete as a thermal insulation and wall material with other traditional
corresponding materials are considered and analyzed. The competitors of cellular concrete in the modern thermal insulation
market are such common insulation materials as mineral wool and polystyrene foam, however, these materials have significant
drawbacks. Mineral wool thermal insulation settles when wet and creates voids - "cold bridges". Polystyrene foam is painted and
has a high degree of fire hazard and toxicity, and the wall structure itself based on it requires reliable connection of dissimilar
layers.
The most promising insulation in the current situation may be autoclaved aerated concrete, which is also confirmed by the
data of technical and economic indicators of various options for wall insulation. In terms of thermophysical indicators and energy
intensity of production, autoclaved aerated concrete is better than traditional wall materials. The prospect of development, as well
as a decrease in the energy intensity of production of autoclaved aerated concrete is to increase its constructive quality coefficient,
which is achieved by increasing the strength of aerated concrete or maintaining it while simultaneously reducing its density.

FILLERS FOR DRY CONSTRUCTION MIXTURES FROM RECYCLING PRODUCTS OF CONSTRUCTION SCRAP

Oleksandr Bondar — 2025-09-15

The main directions of development of technologies and activities of enterprises in the building materials industry are justified.
The need to develop and implement technologies for recycling construction scrap residues for the production of building mixtures
was noted. The justification of the possibilities of implementing such technological solutions capable of ensuring real savings in
energy resources, reducing capital investment costs, and also allowing for significant improvement of the ecology of individual
regions affected by russian aggression is presented. The results of analytical studies of existing developments in the areas of
resource-saving technologies for processing construction and technogenic waste for the production of aggregates for building
mixtures are presented. A graphical interpretation of the results of computational and analytical studies of the possibility of
obtaining volumes of construction scrap and solid waste after dismantling destroyed residential buildings of typical building series
is presented. It is noted that the accumulated volumes of construction scrap obtained as a result of the destruction of buildings
and structures consist overwhelmingly of concrete, reinforced concrete, expanded clay concrete, and brickwork made of ceramic
and silicate products. The results of experimental studies on the processing of construction scrap from reinforced concrete
structures for the production of aggregates for building mixtures are presented. The compliance of the characteristics obtained
using the technologies of crushing and separation of materials with the regulatory requirements regulating the granulometry
indicators and physical parameters for traditional mineral aggregates has been confirmed. The recipe and technological
parameters for the production of concrete mix using a new type of aggregates are substantiated using regulatory and technical
literature. Laboratory tests using experimental samples of fine and coarse aggregates obtained from construction scrap produced
experimental series of concrete samples and conducted studies of their physical and mechanical characteristics. The feasibility
of using recycling technologies for the production of building mixtures using aggregates from construction scrap has been
confirmed; the obtained samples belong to the C16/20 concrete class, the most common in construction practice. It was also
noted that it is possible to transform recycling technologies in the conditions of a construction site, where piles of construction
scrap residues have already accumulated, because it does not require any new specialized technological solutions. The positive
effect of the presence of reactive substances on the surface of the obtained aggregates is shown, which in turn provides an
increase in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples while reducing the binder content. The formulation and
technological parameters of dry building mixtures for the manufacture of building products using the obtained artificial aggregates
have been developed and investigated. A program for further research into the predicted characteristics of model samples of
building mixtures using aggregates as products of recycling construction scrap is presented.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS A METHOD OF THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CONCRETE STEAMING IN AUTOCLAVE INSTALLATIONS

Serhii Slobodianyuk — 2025-09-15

The article examines mathematical modeling as an effective tool for theoretical research of heat and mass transfer processes in autoclave
treatment of concrete products. The aim of the study is to construct a mathematical model that describes the regularities of heat and moisture
exchange and cement hydration under steaming conditions, considering the structural features of the autoclave and the thermophysical
properties of concrete products. To achieve this goal, methods of mathematical physics are applied, particularly differential heat conduction
equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions.
The study formulates key assumptions to simplify the process analysis: one-dimensional heat propagation, negligible influence of
condensate film and reinforcement, and constant volume of concrete products. The thermal nature of the processes occurring during steaming
is analyzed, and heat flux dependencies for the upper and lower surfaces of the product are established. The effect of heat release due to the
exothermic cement hydration reaction is taken into account, as it significantly impacts concrete structure formation and strength development.
Special attention is given to the mathematical modeling of cement hydration, describing the transition of water between active and passive
states in a closed system. Substance transfer mechanisms (diffusion and convection) are considered in relation to the kinetics of chemical
interactions at various hydration stages. As a result, it is found that heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients are critical for efficient
autoclave operation, and the proposed model enables optimization of steaming parameters at the design stage.
The findings can be applied to develop a comprehensive mathematical model of the material and energy balance in the autoclave,
facilitating the implementation of automated control systems for the technological process, aimed at improving energy efficiency and the
quality of the final product.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC CATERING FACILITIES

Viacheslav Dzhedzhula — 2025-09-15

In this work, an analysis of modern approaches to optimizing the energy consumption of ventilation systems in public
catering facilities is carried out. Regulatory requirements for air quality and microclimate parameters are considered, in
particular the permissible levels of CO₂ concentration and temperature. Based on the analysis, it was found that traditional
systems with constant air supply have increased energy costs and do not always ensure optimal conditions. A mathematical
model is proposed that describes the energy consumption of the ventilation system, as well as the changes in CO₂
concentration and indoor temperature depending on the ventilation operating mode. Two scenarios are implemented: constant
air supply and optimized variable supply regulated according to the load. The calculations were performed in the MATLAB
environment, and the results were visualized in the form of graphs indicating regulatory limits and key points. The simulation
showed that the optimized mode allows for a significant reduction in energy consumption while maintaining comfortable
conditions. A quantitative comparison of energy costs for both modes was carried out, confirming the effectiveness of the
approach. The results of the work can be used to modernize ventilation systems in public catering facilities. The proposed
method can also be adapted for other types of public buildings.

TRADITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF INSPECTION AND FORMATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION, USE OF ВIM TECHNOLOGIES, POSSIBILITY OF SOLVING PROBLEMS

Vitaliy Bassist — 2025-09-15

An analysis and processing of literary sources and paper technical documentation, in particular technical inspection reports
and passport data of construction objects, was carried out. A substantive assessment of the content of the specified
documentation was carried out in order to identify gaps and shortcomings in the information provided. The study considered
the possibilities of using BIM technologies to eliminate the identified inconsistencies and increase the completeness and
reliability of technical data. Particular attention was paid to the use of the cloud environment of the Autodesk Revit software
complex as a tool for centralized collection, storage and subsequent updating of information on the technical condition of
buildings and structures. Conceptual approaches to organizing the processes of monitoring the condition of structures based
on digital modeling and integration with cloud databases were proposed. An analysis of technical inspection reports of the
building of the main educational building of Vinnytsia National Technical University for the periods of 2004 and 2024 was
carried out. Based on the processed materials, a structured specification was formed for further monitoring of the operational
condition of the facility. According to the results of comparing data from both reports, a direct relationship was established
between the end of the standard service life of structural elements and the loss of their performance. Structures that have
reached the end of their standard service life are recognized as unsuitable for further operation due to a significant loss of
basic physical and technical properties caused by defects accumulated over a long period that are technically not subject to
effective restoration and require complete replacement. Relevant scientific sources and current regulatory documents on
methods for assessing the technical condition of buildings and structures were reviewed. It was established that one of the
key quantitative characteristics that allows objectively assessing the degree of loss of operational properties of structures is
the physical wear indicator. It was this value that was taken as the basis for developing the structure of the technical
specification for building maintenance. The specification not only defines a description of defects and damage to individual
structural elements, but also substantiates the appropriate methods for their elimination. In addition, based on the functional
dependence between physical wear and tear and the duration of the standard operational resource, the estimated life of the
building was determined.

FORMATION OF BIM MODEL DATASET FOR MACHINE LEARNING TASKS

Valeriy Andrukhov — 2025-09-15

This paper presents a reproducible approach to deriving machine-learning-ready datasets from Autodesk Revit Building
Information Models. We unify four complementary export routes‒Schedules→CSV, Dynamo→CSV/XLSX/JSON,
pyRevit/Revit API→CSV/JSON/XLSX, and IFC→Autodesk Platform Services/Speckle→JSON/CSV‒under a single data
contract: a target schema/ontology with mandatory fields, SI units, a stable key policy (IfcGUID/composite key), and formal

data-quality validation. The methodology covers ingestion, normalization of types and units, construction of geometric
descriptors, checks of completeness and referential integrity, and feature preparation for reliable train/validation/test splits.
Provided a practical protocol and a final Elements.csv dataset used in a baseline task that predicts element mass as a
proxy for cost and logistics; templates for quality checks accompany the flow. Across applied scenarios‒production-rate
estimation, cost approximation, and optimization of layout and load-bearing systems‒we show that disciplined data
management (schema, keys, units, rules) reduces information leakage and improves reproducibility.
The contribution aligns tool-specific export routes with a uniform representation, enabling integration of BIM data with
analytics without dependence on a software stack and establishing a foundation for data-centric design and subsequent
optimization. We also document reproducibility artefacts (JSON/Table Schema definitions, DQI reports, and processing logs)
to support audit and repetition.

DIGITALIZATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. KEY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) TECHNOLOGY. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN BIM.

Mykola Obidnyk — 2025-09-15

This article explores the digitalization of the construction industry with a focus on key trends in the development of Building
Information Modeling (BIM) technology and the integration of Blockchain technology. It describes the main digital technologies
transforming construction processes, including BIM, the Internet of Things (IoT), digital twins, AR/VR, 3D printing, big data
analytics, cloud computing, and robotics. Particular attention is given to BIM as a fundamental tool for digital transformation in
architecture, engineering, and construction, examining its evolution into multidimensional models (4D–8D), which incorporate
dimensions of time, cost, sustainability, operation, and safety.
The study identifies nine key trends in the development of BIM, including the integration of digital twins, artificial
intelligence, AR/VR, cloud platforms, ERP systems, environmental sustainability, standardization, lifecycle management of
assets, and the emergence of new professional roles. Special attention is paid to Blockchain technology in BIM, which ensures
transparency, data immutability, process automation through smart contracts, improved logistics, and intellectual property
protection. The concept of CryptoBIM is discussed, allowing all actions with the BIM model to be recorded in encrypted form,
creating a basis for advanced analytics and AI applications.
The article also presents examples of BIM implementation worldwide and in Ukraine, particularly in infrastructure recovery
projects after wartime destruction. It emphasizes the importance of developing educational programs to train BIM specialists.
In conclusion, it highlights that successful BIM implementation requires not only technical solutions but also changes at
organizational, regulatory, and educational levels.

THE MODELLING OF STRESS STREIN STATE OF OVERPASS PIERS WITH A HOLE FOR VEHICLE PASSAGE FOR THE RATIONAL DESIGN

Vladimir O. Popov — 2025-09-15

In the paper have been described a principled rational design solution for overpass piers, which must have the possibility of
through-passage for vehicles through the piers, as a result of the complex urban planning situation, characteristic of the dense
construction of typical regional and district cities of Ukraine. Thus, the pier have to simultaneously perform the function of
maintaining the span structure of the overpass, and also ensure the technological possibility of laying at the level of the base of
the pier of the roadway. Have been considered several basic constructive options for the arrangement of passage piers, which
are arranged on weak soils. Have been analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each. Among the selected options have
been chosen the most rational one in the form of a monolithic P-shaped frame structure on the base of pile foundations, united by
a solid slab grid. Have been also presented method of selecting the geometric parameters of the main structural components of
such pier. The proposed engineering solutions were illustrated on the example of the designed overpass in the Vinnytsia city.
Have been developed a fragment of the general plan of the overpass and the architectural form of the pier with a passage in the
form of a spatial -shaped frame for this example. Have been carried out the selection of rational geometric parameters of the
proposed architectural form taking into account the rules of traffic according by the described method. Have been developed a
3D-model of the specified architectural solution of the pier with a passage using the finite element method by standard software
Lira-SAPR. Have been evaluated the most dangerous combinations of loads, which include technological effects on the structure
at the level of the span of the overpass structure and at the level of roadway along the body of the support foundations. Have
been analyzed the stress-strain state of the pier. Have been performed preliminary strength calculations for the developed model
of the road pier and have been determined the most dangerous cross-sections, in which the maximum force and bending moment
factors operate. Have been proven that the most loaded structural elements of the passage pier are the crossbar system that
supports the span structure of the overpass, due to the large distance between the support posts, as well as the foundation
structure, due to the horizontal components that arise during the movement of vehicles.

The performed design job confirm, from the point of view of strength and stiffness, the principle possibility of arrangement and
the rationality of the selected structural solution of the pier with the passage.

INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEAMLESS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Alenа Bondar — 2025-09-15

The article presents the results of a study on the influence of composite reinforcement (glass and basalt fiber reinforced polymer) on the
physical and mechanical characteristics of seamless concrete pavements. The relevance of shifting from traditional asphalt concrete
structures, characterized by a short service life and high maintenance costs, to cement concrete and continuously reinforced concrete
pavements (CRCP), which provide improved durability and reliability, is highlighted. An analysis of international and domestic experience in
the use of CRCP technology is carried out, along with a review of typical defects in rigid road pavements and their causes. Particular attention
is given to the issue of cracking, which limits the service life of conventional concrete slabs, and to the potential of composite reinforcement
to reduce the width and number of cracks due to uniform stress distribution and resistance to corrosion.
Based on experimental tests, it was established that the use of glass fiber reinforcement reduces the average crack width by 18 %, while
basalt fiber reinforcement ensures a reduction of nearly 24 % and simultaneously increases flexural strength by 10–12 % compared to steel.
It was also found that the use of composite reinforcement elements decreases the overall weight of structures, improves resistance to
aggressive environments, temperature variations, and cyclic loads, which is especially important for highways with high traffic intensity. The
CRCP technology with composite reinforcement makes it possible to reduce slab thickness by up to 20 %, lower material consumption, and
extend maintenance-free service life to 25–50 years.
The results confirm the feasibility of using non-metallic composite materials in road construction in Ukraine. The use of glass and basalt
fiber reinforced polymer bars in seamless concrete pavements ensures durability, reduced maintenance costs, and improved road safety. This
opens prospects for integrating composite materials into national design standards and contributes to the implementation of sustainable
development strategies in the transport infrastructure sector.
Keywords: seamless concrete pavements; composite reinforcement

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENVELOPES IN HIGHTEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AREAS

Viacheslav Dzhedzhula — 2025-09-15

As most rural buildings lack effective thermal insulation measures, heat loss is severe, and the increase in carbon emissions exacerbates environmental pollution. This study aimed to improve the thermal insulation performance of rural residential buildings and reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The study methodology involved selecting a typical rural residential building in a high-temperature difference area as the research subject. Expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), and polyurethane foam boards were selected for analysis as wall and roof insulation materials. Meanwhile, single-pane, double-pane insulated, and low-emissivity (low-E) glass were chosen as exterior window materials. Building energy consumption under different wall insulation and exterior window materials was simulated and analysed using DesignBuilder software. The study showed that during the region’s cold January period, models using highly efficient insulated wall materials significantly reduced building energy consumption compared to conventional buildings without insulation. When comparing the three insulation materials – XPS, EPS, and polyurethane foam board – XPS insulation demonstrated superior performance: energy savings of 25.7% were achieved when XPS insulation was applied to exterior walls and up to 32.2%
when used on the roof. In addition, external window materials were also critical in influencing building energy consumption during this period. The energy savings achieved by the building model using a double-insulating glass of 6+12A+6 specification reached 24.92%. The results of this study provide an important foundation for the energy-efficient design and renovation of both existing and new buildings in areas with high-temperature differences. These findings have significant implications for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in rural residential buildings

RESEARCH ON HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT STRAW FLY ASH CONCRETE

Viacheslav Dzhedzhula — 2025-09-15

A large number of rural residential buildings in the world did not take effective thermal insulation measures. The poor
thermal insulation performance of the envelope led to low indoor temperatures in winter, and energy consumption was huge.
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of wheat straw and fly ash incorporated into concrete on its thermal
properties, and to provide a low-cost and energy-efficient solution for rural building wall materials. The experiment involved
preparing concrete block samples containing different doses of fly ash and straw, building an experimental platform to
determine compressive strength and thermal conductivity, and simulating different humid environments using a saturated
saline solution to analyse the effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity. The effect of moisture content on thermal
conductivity was analysed by simulating different humidity environments with saturated salt solution. Combined with data fitting
and comparative analysis, the mechanism of straw admixture, morphology and humidity on the material properties was
revealed. The study showed that the thermal conductivity of wheat straw fly ash concrete decreased gradually as the content
of fly ash and straw increased, and the larger the content, the smaller the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of
wheat straw fly ash concrete increased significantly with the increase in air humidity, and the relationship between moisture
content and thermal conductivity was closely related to the content of straw and fly ash. The incorporation of fly ash and straw
in concrete effectively improved the thermal insulation performance of building materials, and was an effective alternative for
improving building energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER RESISTANCE OF THE WALL OF A SINGLESTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH A WOODEN FRAME

Y. Bodnar — 2025-09-15

The paper investigates the application of the temperature method to the full-scale experimental determination of the heat
transfer resistance of the walls of a residential building with a wooden frame. Thermal insulation layer of mineral wool boards
150 mm thick. One of the main advantages of the temperature method is the relatively inexpensive equipment and the relative
simplicity of processing the measurement results. Knowledge of the real heat transfer resistance is important for ensuring the
energy efficiency of old and newly built buildings. For the former, this is necessary for their thermal modernization in order to
increase energy efficiency. For the latter, this is necessary to control the design and execution of work, achieving the planned
energy efficiency parameters. The temperature method was used, which consists in recording the temperature in the room,
outside and the temperature of the inner surface of the wall under study with a given interval. Elitech RC-4HC, Inkbird IBSTH2,
UNI-T UT325F temperature recorders were used. During the measurements, certain requirements were met: the
temperature difference between the outside and inside of the house was not less than 15°C, the change in the internal
temperature was not more than 2°C, the change in the external temperature was not more than 5°C, the temperature was
measured at a height of 1.5m above the floor, the internal and external air temperature sensors were located at a distance of
30 cm from the wall, the temperature on the wall surface was measured by three thermocouples with a distance between them
of 10-15 cm. The selection of a thermally homogeneous area for measurement was carried out using the analysis of the wall
structure and the results of infrared thermography. The influence of measurement duration and measurement results
processing methods on the results of this design was investigated.